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ec078af985
When the clock is too fast for the i2c slave, it can temporarily hold down the scl line to signal to the master that it needs to wait. The master should check the scl line when it is releasing it after transmitting data, and wait for it to be released. This change has been tested with a logic analyzer and an i2c slace implemented on an atmega328p using its twi peripheral, clocked at 8Mhz. Without the change, the i2c communication works up to aboy 150kHz frequency, and above that results in the slave stuck in an unresponsive state. With this change, communication has been tested to work up to 400kHz.
467 lines
16 KiB
C
467 lines
16 KiB
C
/*
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* This file is part of the MicroPython project, http://micropython.org/
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*
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* The MIT License (MIT)
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*
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* Copyright (c) 2016 Damien P. George
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*
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* Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
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* of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
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* in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights
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* to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell
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* copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is
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* furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
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*
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* The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in
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* all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
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*
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* THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
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* IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
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* FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
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* AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
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* LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
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* OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN
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* THE SOFTWARE.
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*/
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#include <stdio.h>
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#include <stdint.h>
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#include <string.h>
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#include "py/mphal.h"
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#include "py/runtime.h"
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#include "extmod/machine_i2c.h"
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#if MICROPY_PY_MACHINE_I2C
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// Clock stretching limit, so that we don't get stuck.
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#define I2C_STRETCH_LIMIT 255
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typedef struct _machine_i2c_obj_t {
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mp_obj_base_t base;
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uint32_t us_delay;
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mp_hal_pin_obj_t scl;
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mp_hal_pin_obj_t sda;
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} machine_i2c_obj_t;
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STATIC void mp_hal_i2c_delay(machine_i2c_obj_t *self) {
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// We need to use an accurate delay to get acceptable I2C
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// speeds (eg 1us should be not much more than 1us).
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mp_hal_delay_us_fast(self->us_delay);
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}
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STATIC void mp_hal_i2c_scl_low(machine_i2c_obj_t *self) {
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mp_hal_pin_od_low(self->scl);
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}
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STATIC void mp_hal_i2c_scl_release(machine_i2c_obj_t *self) {
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mp_hal_pin_od_high(self->scl);
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mp_hal_i2c_delay(self);
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// For clock stretching, wait for the SCL pin to be released, with timeout.
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for (int count = I2C_STRETCH_LIMIT; mp_hal_pin_read(self->scl) == 0 && count; --count) {
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mp_hal_delay_us_fast(1);
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}
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}
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STATIC void mp_hal_i2c_sda_low(machine_i2c_obj_t *self) {
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mp_hal_pin_od_low(self->sda);
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}
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STATIC void mp_hal_i2c_sda_release(machine_i2c_obj_t *self) {
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mp_hal_pin_od_high(self->sda);
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}
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STATIC int mp_hal_i2c_sda_read(machine_i2c_obj_t *self) {
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return mp_hal_pin_read(self->sda);
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}
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STATIC void mp_hal_i2c_start(machine_i2c_obj_t *self) {
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mp_hal_i2c_sda_release(self);
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mp_hal_i2c_delay(self);
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mp_hal_i2c_scl_release(self);
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mp_hal_i2c_sda_low(self);
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mp_hal_i2c_delay(self);
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}
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STATIC void mp_hal_i2c_stop(machine_i2c_obj_t *self) {
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mp_hal_i2c_delay(self);
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mp_hal_i2c_sda_low(self);
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mp_hal_i2c_delay(self);
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mp_hal_i2c_scl_release(self);
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mp_hal_i2c_sda_release(self);
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mp_hal_i2c_delay(self);
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}
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STATIC void mp_hal_i2c_init(machine_i2c_obj_t *self, uint32_t freq) {
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self->us_delay = 500000 / freq;
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if (self->us_delay == 0) {
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self->us_delay = 1;
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}
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mp_hal_pin_open_drain(self->scl);
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mp_hal_pin_open_drain(self->sda);
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mp_hal_i2c_stop(self);
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}
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STATIC int mp_hal_i2c_write_byte(machine_i2c_obj_t *self, uint8_t val) {
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mp_hal_i2c_delay(self);
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mp_hal_i2c_scl_low(self);
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for (int i = 7; i >= 0; i--) {
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if ((val >> i) & 1) {
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mp_hal_i2c_sda_release(self);
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} else {
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mp_hal_i2c_sda_low(self);
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}
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mp_hal_i2c_delay(self);
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mp_hal_i2c_scl_release(self);
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mp_hal_i2c_scl_low(self);
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}
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mp_hal_i2c_sda_release(self);
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mp_hal_i2c_delay(self);
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mp_hal_i2c_scl_release(self);
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int ret = mp_hal_i2c_sda_read(self);
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mp_hal_i2c_delay(self);
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mp_hal_i2c_scl_low(self);
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return !ret;
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}
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STATIC void mp_hal_i2c_write(machine_i2c_obj_t *self, uint8_t addr, uint8_t *data, size_t len) {
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mp_hal_i2c_start(self);
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if (!mp_hal_i2c_write_byte(self, addr << 1)) {
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goto er;
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}
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while (len--) {
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if (!mp_hal_i2c_write_byte(self, *data++)) {
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goto er;
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}
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}
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mp_hal_i2c_stop(self);
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return;
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er:
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mp_hal_i2c_stop(self);
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nlr_raise(mp_obj_new_exception_msg(&mp_type_OSError, "I2C bus error"));
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}
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STATIC int mp_hal_i2c_read_byte(machine_i2c_obj_t *self, uint8_t *val, int nack) {
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mp_hal_i2c_delay(self);
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mp_hal_i2c_scl_low(self);
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mp_hal_i2c_delay(self);
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uint8_t data = 0;
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for (int i = 7; i >= 0; i--) {
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mp_hal_i2c_scl_release(self);
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data = (data << 1) | mp_hal_i2c_sda_read(self);
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mp_hal_i2c_scl_low(self);
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mp_hal_i2c_delay(self);
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}
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*val = data;
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// send ack/nack bit
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if (!nack) {
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mp_hal_i2c_sda_low(self);
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}
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mp_hal_i2c_delay(self);
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mp_hal_i2c_scl_release(self);
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mp_hal_i2c_scl_low(self);
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mp_hal_i2c_sda_release(self);
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return 1; // success
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}
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STATIC void mp_hal_i2c_read(machine_i2c_obj_t *self, uint8_t addr, uint8_t *data, size_t len) {
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mp_hal_i2c_start(self);
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if (!mp_hal_i2c_write_byte(self, (addr << 1) | 1)) {
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goto er;
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}
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while (len--) {
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if (!mp_hal_i2c_read_byte(self, data++, len == 0)) {
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goto er;
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}
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}
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mp_hal_i2c_stop(self);
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return;
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er:
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mp_hal_i2c_stop(self);
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nlr_raise(mp_obj_new_exception_msg(&mp_type_OSError, "I2C bus error"));
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}
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STATIC void mp_hal_i2c_write_mem(machine_i2c_obj_t *self, uint8_t addr, uint16_t memaddr, const uint8_t *src, size_t len) {
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// start the I2C transaction
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mp_hal_i2c_start(self);
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// write the slave address and the memory address within the slave
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if (!mp_hal_i2c_write_byte(self, addr << 1)) {
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goto er;
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}
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if (!mp_hal_i2c_write_byte(self, memaddr)) {
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goto er;
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}
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// write the buffer to the I2C memory
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while (len--) {
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if (!mp_hal_i2c_write_byte(self, *src++)) {
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goto er;
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}
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}
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// finish the I2C transaction
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mp_hal_i2c_stop(self);
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return;
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er:
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mp_hal_i2c_stop(self);
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nlr_raise(mp_obj_new_exception_msg(&mp_type_OSError, "I2C bus error"));
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}
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STATIC void mp_hal_i2c_read_mem(machine_i2c_obj_t *self, uint8_t addr, uint16_t memaddr, uint8_t *dest, size_t len) {
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// start the I2C transaction
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mp_hal_i2c_start(self);
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// write the slave address and the memory address within the slave
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if (!mp_hal_i2c_write_byte(self, addr << 1)) {
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goto er;
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}
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if (!mp_hal_i2c_write_byte(self, memaddr)) {
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goto er;
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}
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// i2c_read will do a repeated start, and then read the I2C memory
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mp_hal_i2c_read(self, addr, dest, len);
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return;
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er:
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mp_hal_i2c_stop(self);
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nlr_raise(mp_obj_new_exception_msg(&mp_type_OSError, "I2C bus error"));
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}
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/******************************************************************************/
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// MicroPython bindings for I2C
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STATIC void machine_i2c_obj_init_helper(machine_i2c_obj_t *self, mp_uint_t n_args, const mp_obj_t *pos_args, mp_map_t *kw_args) {
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enum { ARG_scl, ARG_sda, ARG_freq };
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static const mp_arg_t allowed_args[] = {
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{ MP_QSTR_scl, MP_ARG_REQUIRED | MP_ARG_OBJ },
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{ MP_QSTR_sda, MP_ARG_REQUIRED | MP_ARG_OBJ },
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{ MP_QSTR_freq, MP_ARG_KW_ONLY | MP_ARG_INT, {.u_int = 400000} },
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};
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mp_arg_val_t args[MP_ARRAY_SIZE(allowed_args)];
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mp_arg_parse_all(n_args, pos_args, kw_args, MP_ARRAY_SIZE(allowed_args), allowed_args, args);
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self->scl = mp_hal_get_pin_obj(args[ARG_scl].u_obj);
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self->sda = mp_hal_get_pin_obj(args[ARG_sda].u_obj);
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mp_hal_i2c_init(self, args[ARG_freq].u_int);
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}
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STATIC mp_obj_t machine_i2c_make_new(const mp_obj_type_t *type, size_t n_args, size_t n_kw, const mp_obj_t *args) {
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mp_arg_check_num(n_args, n_kw, 0, MP_OBJ_FUN_ARGS_MAX, true);
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machine_i2c_obj_t *self = m_new_obj(machine_i2c_obj_t);
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self->base.type = &machine_i2c_type;
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mp_map_t kw_args;
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mp_map_init_fixed_table(&kw_args, n_kw, args + n_args);
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machine_i2c_obj_init_helper(self, n_args, args, &kw_args);
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return (mp_obj_t)self;
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}
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STATIC mp_obj_t machine_i2c_obj_init(size_t n_args, const mp_obj_t *args, mp_map_t *kw_args) {
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machine_i2c_obj_init_helper(args[0], n_args - 1, args + 1, kw_args);
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return mp_const_none;
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}
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MP_DEFINE_CONST_FUN_OBJ_KW(machine_i2c_init_obj, 1, machine_i2c_obj_init);
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STATIC mp_obj_t machine_i2c_scan(mp_obj_t self_in) {
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machine_i2c_obj_t *self = MP_OBJ_TO_PTR(self_in);
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mp_obj_t list = mp_obj_new_list(0, NULL);
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// 7-bit addresses 0b0000xxx and 0b1111xxx are reserved
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for (int addr = 0x08; addr < 0x78; ++addr) {
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mp_hal_i2c_start(self);
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int ack = mp_hal_i2c_write_byte(self, (addr << 1) | 1);
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if (ack) {
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mp_obj_list_append(list, MP_OBJ_NEW_SMALL_INT(addr));
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}
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mp_hal_i2c_stop(self);
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}
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return list;
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}
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MP_DEFINE_CONST_FUN_OBJ_1(machine_i2c_scan_obj, machine_i2c_scan);
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STATIC mp_obj_t machine_i2c_start(mp_obj_t self_in) {
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machine_i2c_obj_t *self = MP_OBJ_TO_PTR(self_in);
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mp_hal_i2c_start(self);
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return mp_const_none;
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}
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MP_DEFINE_CONST_FUN_OBJ_1(machine_i2c_start_obj, machine_i2c_start);
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STATIC mp_obj_t machine_i2c_stop(mp_obj_t self_in) {
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machine_i2c_obj_t *self = MP_OBJ_TO_PTR(self_in);
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mp_hal_i2c_stop(self);
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return mp_const_none;
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}
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MP_DEFINE_CONST_FUN_OBJ_1(machine_i2c_stop_obj, machine_i2c_stop);
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STATIC mp_obj_t machine_i2c_readinto(mp_obj_t self_in, mp_obj_t buf_in) {
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machine_i2c_obj_t *self = MP_OBJ_TO_PTR(self_in);
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// get the buffer to read into
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mp_buffer_info_t bufinfo;
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mp_get_buffer_raise(buf_in, &bufinfo, MP_BUFFER_WRITE);
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// do the read
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uint8_t *dest = bufinfo.buf;
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while (bufinfo.len--) {
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if (!mp_hal_i2c_read_byte(self, dest++, bufinfo.len == 0)) {
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nlr_raise(mp_obj_new_exception_msg(&mp_type_OSError, "I2C bus error"));
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}
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}
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return mp_const_none;
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}
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MP_DEFINE_CONST_FUN_OBJ_2(machine_i2c_readinto_obj, machine_i2c_readinto);
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STATIC mp_obj_t machine_i2c_write(mp_obj_t self_in, mp_obj_t buf_in) {
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machine_i2c_obj_t *self = MP_OBJ_TO_PTR(self_in);
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// get the buffer to write from
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mp_buffer_info_t bufinfo;
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mp_get_buffer_raise(buf_in, &bufinfo, MP_BUFFER_READ);
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// do the write
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uint8_t *src = bufinfo.buf;
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while (bufinfo.len--) {
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if (!mp_hal_i2c_write_byte(self, *src++)) {
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nlr_raise(mp_obj_new_exception_msg(&mp_type_OSError, "I2C bus error"));
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}
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}
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return mp_const_none;
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}
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MP_DEFINE_CONST_FUN_OBJ_2(machine_i2c_write_obj, machine_i2c_write);
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STATIC mp_obj_t machine_i2c_readfrom(mp_obj_t self_in, mp_obj_t addr_in, mp_obj_t nbytes_in) {
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machine_i2c_obj_t *self = MP_OBJ_TO_PTR(self_in);
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vstr_t vstr;
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vstr_init_len(&vstr, mp_obj_get_int(nbytes_in));
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mp_hal_i2c_read(self, mp_obj_get_int(addr_in), (uint8_t*)vstr.buf, vstr.len);
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return mp_obj_new_str_from_vstr(&mp_type_bytes, &vstr);
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}
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MP_DEFINE_CONST_FUN_OBJ_3(machine_i2c_readfrom_obj, machine_i2c_readfrom);
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STATIC mp_obj_t machine_i2c_readfrom_into(mp_obj_t self_in, mp_obj_t addr_in, mp_obj_t buf_in) {
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machine_i2c_obj_t *self = MP_OBJ_TO_PTR(self_in);
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mp_buffer_info_t bufinfo;
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mp_get_buffer_raise(buf_in, &bufinfo, MP_BUFFER_WRITE);
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mp_hal_i2c_read(self, mp_obj_get_int(addr_in), (uint8_t*)bufinfo.buf, bufinfo.len);
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return mp_const_none;
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}
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MP_DEFINE_CONST_FUN_OBJ_3(machine_i2c_readfrom_into_obj, machine_i2c_readfrom_into);
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STATIC mp_obj_t machine_i2c_writeto(mp_obj_t self_in, mp_obj_t addr_in, mp_obj_t buf_in) {
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machine_i2c_obj_t *self = MP_OBJ_TO_PTR(self_in);
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mp_buffer_info_t bufinfo;
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mp_get_buffer_raise(buf_in, &bufinfo, MP_BUFFER_READ);
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mp_hal_i2c_write(self, mp_obj_get_int(addr_in), bufinfo.buf, bufinfo.len);
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return mp_const_none;
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}
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STATIC MP_DEFINE_CONST_FUN_OBJ_3(machine_i2c_writeto_obj, machine_i2c_writeto);
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STATIC mp_obj_t machine_i2c_readfrom_mem(size_t n_args, const mp_obj_t *pos_args, mp_map_t *kw_args) {
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enum { ARG_addr, ARG_memaddr, ARG_n, ARG_addrsize };
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static const mp_arg_t allowed_args[] = {
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{ MP_QSTR_addr, MP_ARG_REQUIRED | MP_ARG_INT, {.u_int = 0} },
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{ MP_QSTR_memaddr, MP_ARG_REQUIRED | MP_ARG_INT, {.u_int = 0} },
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{ MP_QSTR_n, MP_ARG_REQUIRED | MP_ARG_INT, {.u_int = 0} },
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//{ MP_QSTR_addrsize, MP_ARG_KW_ONLY | MP_ARG_INT, {.u_int = 8} }, TODO
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};
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machine_i2c_obj_t *self = MP_OBJ_TO_PTR(pos_args[0]);
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mp_arg_val_t args[MP_ARRAY_SIZE(allowed_args)];
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mp_arg_parse_all(n_args - 1, pos_args + 1, kw_args, MP_ARRAY_SIZE(allowed_args), allowed_args, args);
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// create the buffer to store data into
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vstr_t vstr;
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vstr_init_len(&vstr, args[ARG_n].u_int);
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// do the transfer
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mp_hal_i2c_read_mem(self, args[ARG_addr].u_int, args[ARG_memaddr].u_int, (uint8_t*)vstr.buf, vstr.len);
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return mp_obj_new_str_from_vstr(&mp_type_bytes, &vstr);
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}
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MP_DEFINE_CONST_FUN_OBJ_KW(machine_i2c_readfrom_mem_obj, 1, machine_i2c_readfrom_mem);
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STATIC mp_obj_t machine_i2c_readfrom_mem_into(size_t n_args, const mp_obj_t *pos_args, mp_map_t *kw_args) {
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enum { ARG_addr, ARG_memaddr, ARG_buf, ARG_addrsize };
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static const mp_arg_t allowed_args[] = {
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{ MP_QSTR_addr, MP_ARG_REQUIRED | MP_ARG_INT, {.u_int = 0} },
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{ MP_QSTR_memaddr, MP_ARG_REQUIRED | MP_ARG_INT, {.u_int = 0} },
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{ MP_QSTR_buf, MP_ARG_REQUIRED | MP_ARG_OBJ, {.u_obj = MP_OBJ_NULL} },
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//{ MP_QSTR_addrsize, MP_ARG_KW_ONLY | MP_ARG_INT, {.u_int = 8} }, TODO
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};
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machine_i2c_obj_t *self = MP_OBJ_TO_PTR(pos_args[0]);
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mp_arg_val_t args[MP_ARRAY_SIZE(allowed_args)];
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mp_arg_parse_all(n_args - 1, pos_args + 1, kw_args, MP_ARRAY_SIZE(allowed_args), allowed_args, args);
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// get the buffer to store data into
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mp_buffer_info_t bufinfo;
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mp_get_buffer_raise(args[ARG_buf].u_obj, &bufinfo, MP_BUFFER_WRITE);
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// do the transfer
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mp_hal_i2c_read_mem(self, args[ARG_addr].u_int, args[ARG_memaddr].u_int, bufinfo.buf, bufinfo.len);
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return mp_const_none;
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}
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MP_DEFINE_CONST_FUN_OBJ_KW(machine_i2c_readfrom_mem_into_obj, 1, machine_i2c_readfrom_mem_into);
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STATIC mp_obj_t machine_i2c_writeto_mem(size_t n_args, const mp_obj_t *pos_args, mp_map_t *kw_args) {
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enum { ARG_addr, ARG_memaddr, ARG_buf, ARG_addrsize };
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static const mp_arg_t allowed_args[] = {
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{ MP_QSTR_addr, MP_ARG_REQUIRED | MP_ARG_INT, {.u_int = 0} },
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{ MP_QSTR_memaddr, MP_ARG_REQUIRED | MP_ARG_INT, {.u_int = 0} },
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{ MP_QSTR_buf, MP_ARG_REQUIRED | MP_ARG_OBJ, {.u_obj = MP_OBJ_NULL} },
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//{ MP_QSTR_addrsize, MP_ARG_KW_ONLY | MP_ARG_INT, {.u_int = 8} }, TODO
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};
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machine_i2c_obj_t *self = MP_OBJ_TO_PTR(pos_args[0]);
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mp_arg_val_t args[MP_ARRAY_SIZE(allowed_args)];
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mp_arg_parse_all(n_args - 1, pos_args + 1, kw_args, MP_ARRAY_SIZE(allowed_args), allowed_args, args);
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// get the buffer to write the data from
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mp_buffer_info_t bufinfo;
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mp_get_buffer_raise(args[ARG_buf].u_obj, &bufinfo, MP_BUFFER_READ);
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// do the transfer
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mp_hal_i2c_write_mem(self, args[ARG_addr].u_int, args[ARG_memaddr].u_int, bufinfo.buf, bufinfo.len);
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return mp_const_none;
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}
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STATIC MP_DEFINE_CONST_FUN_OBJ_KW(machine_i2c_writeto_mem_obj, 1, machine_i2c_writeto_mem);
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STATIC const mp_rom_map_elem_t machine_i2c_locals_dict_table[] = {
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{ MP_ROM_QSTR(MP_QSTR_init), MP_ROM_PTR(&machine_i2c_init_obj) },
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{ MP_ROM_QSTR(MP_QSTR_scan), MP_ROM_PTR(&machine_i2c_scan_obj) },
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// primitive I2C operations
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{ MP_ROM_QSTR(MP_QSTR_start), MP_ROM_PTR(&machine_i2c_start_obj) },
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{ MP_ROM_QSTR(MP_QSTR_stop), MP_ROM_PTR(&machine_i2c_stop_obj) },
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{ MP_ROM_QSTR(MP_QSTR_readinto), MP_ROM_PTR(&machine_i2c_readinto_obj) },
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{ MP_ROM_QSTR(MP_QSTR_write), MP_ROM_PTR(&machine_i2c_write_obj) },
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|
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// standard bus operations
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{ MP_ROM_QSTR(MP_QSTR_readfrom), MP_ROM_PTR(&machine_i2c_readfrom_obj) },
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{ MP_ROM_QSTR(MP_QSTR_readfrom_into), MP_ROM_PTR(&machine_i2c_readfrom_into_obj) },
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{ MP_ROM_QSTR(MP_QSTR_writeto), MP_ROM_PTR(&machine_i2c_writeto_obj) },
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// memory operations
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{ MP_ROM_QSTR(MP_QSTR_readfrom_mem), MP_ROM_PTR(&machine_i2c_readfrom_mem_obj) },
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{ MP_ROM_QSTR(MP_QSTR_readfrom_mem_into), MP_ROM_PTR(&machine_i2c_readfrom_mem_into_obj) },
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{ MP_ROM_QSTR(MP_QSTR_writeto_mem), MP_ROM_PTR(&machine_i2c_writeto_mem_obj) },
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};
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STATIC MP_DEFINE_CONST_DICT(machine_i2c_locals_dict, machine_i2c_locals_dict_table);
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const mp_obj_type_t machine_i2c_type = {
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{ &mp_type_type },
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.name = MP_QSTR_I2C,
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.make_new = machine_i2c_make_new,
|
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.locals_dict = (mp_obj_dict_t*)&machine_i2c_locals_dict,
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};
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#endif // MICROPY_PY_MACHINE_I2C
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