examples/natmod: Add features4 as a class definition example.

Also provide a basic README.md for dynamic native modules.

This work was funded through GitHub Sponsors.

Signed-off-by: Jim Mussared <jim.mussared@gmail.com>
This commit is contained in:
Jim Mussared 2023-05-29 16:56:38 +10:00 committed by Damien George
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examples/natmod/README.md Normal file
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# Dynamic Native Modules
Dynamic Native Modules are .mpy files that contain native machine code from a
language other than Python. For more info see [the documentation]
(https://docs.micropython.org/en/latest/develop/natmod.html).
This should not be confused with [User C Modules]
(https://docs.micropython.org/en/latest/develop/cmodules.html) which are a
mechanism to add additional out-of-tree modules into the firmware build.
## Examples
This directory contains several examples of writing dynamic native modules, in
two main categories:
1. Feature examples.
* `features0` - A module containing a single "factorial" function which
demonstrates working with integers.
* `features1` - A module that demonstrates some common tasks:
- defining simple functions exposed to Python
- defining local, helper C functions
- defining constant integers and strings exposed to Python
- getting and creating integer objects
- creating Python lists
- raising exceptions
- allocating memory
- BSS and constant data (rodata)
- relocated pointers in rodata
* `features2` - This is a hybrid module containing both Python and C code,
and additionally the C code is spread over multiple files. It also
demonstrates using floating point (only when the target supports
hardware floating point).
* `features3` - A module that shows how to use types, constant objects,
and creating dictionary instances.
* `features4` - A module that demonstrates how to define a class.
2. Dynamic version of existing built-ins.
This provides a way to add missing functionality to firmware that doesn't
include certain built-in modules. See the `heapq`, `random`, `re`,
`deflate`, `btree`, and `framebuf` directories.
So for example, if your firmware was compiled with `MICROPY_PY_FRAMEBUF`
disabled (e.g. to save flash space), then it would not include the
`framebuf` module. The `framebuf` native module provides a way to add the
`framebuf` module dynamically.
The way these work is they define a dynamic native module which
`#include`'s the original module and then does the necessary
initialisation of the module's globals dict.
## Build instructions
To compile an example, you need to have the same toolchain available as
required for your target port. e.g. `arm-none-eabi-gcc` for any ARM Cortex M
target. See the port instructions for details.
You also need to have the `pyelftools` Python package available, either via
your system package manager or installed from PyPI in a virtual environment
with `pip`.
Each example provides a Makefile. You should specify the `ARCH` argument to
make (one of x86, x64, armv6m, armv7m, xtensa, xtensawin):
```
$ cd features0
$ make ARCH=armv7m
$ mpremote cp features0.mpy :
```

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# Location of top-level MicroPython directory
MPY_DIR = ../../..
# Name of module
MOD = features4
# Source files (.c or .py)
SRC = features4.c
# Architecture to build for (x86, x64, armv7m, xtensa, xtensawin)
ARCH = x64
# Include to get the rules for compiling and linking the module
include $(MPY_DIR)/py/dynruntime.mk

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/*
This example extends on features0 but demonstrates how to define a class.
The Factorial class constructor takes an integer, and then the calculate
method can be called to get the factorial.
>>> import features4
>>> f = features4.Factorial(4)
>>> f.calculate()
24
*/
// Include the header file to get access to the MicroPython API
#include "py/dynruntime.h"
// This is type(Factorial)
mp_obj_full_type_t mp_type_factorial;
// This is the internal state of a Factorial instance.
typedef struct {
mp_obj_base_t base;
mp_int_t n;
} mp_obj_factorial_t;
// Essentially Factorial.__new__ (but also kind of __init__).
// Takes a single argument (the number to find the factorial of)
STATIC mp_obj_t factorial_make_new(const mp_obj_type_t *type, size_t n_args, size_t n_kw, const mp_obj_t *args_in) {
mp_arg_check_num(n_args, n_kw, 1, 1, false);
mp_obj_factorial_t *o = mp_obj_malloc(mp_obj_factorial_t, type);
o->n = mp_obj_get_int(args_in[0]);
return MP_OBJ_FROM_PTR(o);
}
STATIC mp_int_t factorial_helper(mp_int_t x) {
if (x == 0) {
return 1;
}
return x * factorial_helper(x - 1);
}
// Implements Factorial.calculate()
STATIC mp_obj_t factorial_calculate(mp_obj_t self_in) {
mp_obj_factorial_t *self = MP_OBJ_TO_PTR(self_in);
return mp_obj_new_int(factorial_helper(self->n));
}
STATIC MP_DEFINE_CONST_FUN_OBJ_1(factorial_calculate_obj, factorial_calculate);
// Locals dict for the Factorial type (will have a single method, calculate,
// added in mpy_init).
mp_map_elem_t factorial_locals_dict_table[1];
STATIC MP_DEFINE_CONST_DICT(factorial_locals_dict, factorial_locals_dict_table);
// This is the entry point and is called when the module is imported
mp_obj_t mpy_init(mp_obj_fun_bc_t *self, size_t n_args, size_t n_kw, mp_obj_t *args) {
// This must be first, it sets up the globals dict and other things
MP_DYNRUNTIME_INIT_ENTRY
// Initialise the type.
mp_type_factorial.base.type = (void*)&mp_type_type;
mp_type_factorial.flags = MP_TYPE_FLAG_NONE;
mp_type_factorial.name = MP_QSTR_Factorial;
MP_OBJ_TYPE_SET_SLOT(&mp_type_factorial, make_new, factorial_make_new, 0);
factorial_locals_dict_table[0] = (mp_map_elem_t){ MP_OBJ_NEW_QSTR(MP_QSTR_calculate), MP_OBJ_FROM_PTR(&factorial_calculate_obj) };
MP_OBJ_TYPE_SET_SLOT(&mp_type_factorial, locals_dict, (void*)&factorial_locals_dict, 1);
// Make the Factorial type available on the module.
mp_store_global(MP_QSTR_Factorial, MP_OBJ_FROM_PTR(&mp_type_factorial));
// This must be last, it restores the globals dict
MP_DYNRUNTIME_INIT_EXIT
}

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@ -425,6 +425,7 @@ function ci_native_mpy_modules_build {
make -C examples/natmod/features1 ARCH=$arch make -C examples/natmod/features1 ARCH=$arch
make -C examples/natmod/features2 ARCH=$arch make -C examples/natmod/features2 ARCH=$arch
make -C examples/natmod/features3 ARCH=$arch make -C examples/natmod/features3 ARCH=$arch
make -C examples/natmod/features4 ARCH=$arch
make -C examples/natmod/btree ARCH=$arch make -C examples/natmod/btree ARCH=$arch
make -C examples/natmod/deflate ARCH=$arch make -C examples/natmod/deflate ARCH=$arch
make -C examples/natmod/framebuf ARCH=$arch make -C examples/natmod/framebuf ARCH=$arch