add 霍夫曼编码 大一写的.

霍夫曼编码/main.c

@@ -0,0 +1,274 @@
+//
+//  main.c
+//  霍夫曼编码
+//  暂时只处理26个小写字母
+//  Created by licsber on 2018/11/15.
+//  Copyright © 2018 licsber. All rights reserved.
+//
+
+#include <stdio.h>
+#include <stdlib.h>
+
+#define ARRAY_SIZE 26
+#define START 'a'
+
+typedef struct node{
+    char ch;
+    int weight;
+    struct node *lchild;
+    struct node *rchild;
+}node, *p_node;
+
+typedef struct sheet{
+    char ch;
+    char code[ARRAY_SIZE];
+    struct sheet *next;
+} sheet, *p_sheet;
+
+enum error_code{
+    CANNOT_ALLOCATE_MEMORY,
+    INPUT_IS_EMPTY
+};
+
+p_node container[ARRAY_SIZE];
+char code[ARRAY_SIZE];
+p_sheet line = NULL;
+
+void error(int); // 报错
+void init(void);  // 初始化
+void add(void);  //读取元素加入树
+void printWeight(void);  // 输出权重
+p_node build(void);  // 合并两个节点 返回父节点
+void freeEmpty(void);  // 把权重为0的节点内存释放
+p_node create(void);  // 建立霍夫曼树
+void freeNode(int);  // 释放掉权重为0的节点
+int getCount(void);  // 获取权重非0节点数目
+void sort(void);  // 从小到大排序
+void outputTree(p_node, int);  // 递归输出哈夫曼树
+void output(void);
+p_sheet initSheet(void);
+
+int main() {
+    init();
+    p_node root = NULL;
+    for (int action; ; ) {
+        printf("please select the action:\n");
+        printf("\
+               0.初始化\n\
+               1.从输入构建树\n\
+               2.获取非空终端节点个数\n\
+               3.输出字符权重\n\
+               4.建树\n\
+               5.输出字符编码\n\
+               6.把字符编码放进单向链表\n\
+               4.\n\
+               4.\n\
+               9.退出\n\
+               \n");
+        scanf("%d", &action);
+        getchar();  // 把缓存区里的换行符清掉
+        switch (action) {
+            case 0:
+                init();
+                break;
+            case 1:
+                add();
+                freeEmpty();
+                sort();
+                line = initSheet();
+                break;
+            case 2:
+                printf("the number of node is %d\n", getCount());
+                break;
+            case 3:
+                printWeight();
+                break;
+            case 4:
+                root =create();
+                break;
+            case 5:
+                if (root == NULL) {
+                    root = create();
+                }
+                outputTree(root, 0);
+                break;
+            case 6:
+                output();
+                break;
+            case 9:
+                return 0;
+            default:
+                printf("worng input\n");
+                continue;
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+void error(int err_code){
+    switch (err_code) {
+        case CANNOT_ALLOCATE_MEMORY:
+            printf("cannot allocate memory!\n");
+            break;
+        case INPUT_IS_EMPTY:
+            printf("input is empty!\n");
+            break;
+    }
+    exit(-1);
+}
+
+void init(void){
+    for (int i = 0; i < ARRAY_SIZE; i++) {
+        container[i] = (p_node)malloc(sizeof(node));
+        if (!container[i]) {
+            error(CANNOT_ALLOCATE_MEMORY);
+        }
+        container[i] -> ch = START + i;
+        container[i] -> weight = 0;
+        container[i] -> lchild = NULL;
+        container[i] -> rchild = NULL;
+    }
+    printf("Init is done!\n");
+}
+
+void freeNode(int i){
+    free(container[i]);
+    container[i] = NULL;
+}
+
+void add(void){
+    char ch;
+    while ((ch = getchar()) != '\n') {
+        container[ch - START] -> weight++;
+    }
+}
+
+void sort(void){
+    for (int i = 0; i < ARRAY_SIZE; i++) {
+        if (!container[i]) {
+            for (int j = i; j < ARRAY_SIZE; j++) {
+                if (container[j]) {
+                    container[i] = container[j];
+                    container[j] = NULL;
+                    break;
+                }
+            }
+        }
+    }
+    for (int i = 0; i < getCount(); i++) {
+        for (int j = 0; j < i; j++) {
+            if (container[i] -> weight < container[j] -> weight) {
+                p_node tmp = container[i];
+                container[i] = container[j];
+                container[j] = tmp;
+            }
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+int getCount(void){
+    int count = ARRAY_SIZE;
+    for (int i = 0; i < ARRAY_SIZE; i++) {
+        if (!container[i] ||
+            !container[i] -> weight) {
+            count--;
+        }
+    }
+    return count;
+}
+
+void printWeight(void){
+    for (int i = 0; i < ARRAY_SIZE; i++) {
+        if (!container[i]) {
+            continue;
+        }
+        printf("%c weighs %d\n",
+               container[i] -> ch,
+               container[i] -> weight);
+    }
+}
+
+p_node build(void){
+    p_node tmp = (p_node)malloc(sizeof(node));
+    if (tmp == NULL) {
+        error(CANNOT_ALLOCATE_MEMORY);
+    }
+    tmp -> ch = '\0';
+    tmp -> weight = container[0] -> weight +
+                    container[1] -> weight;
+    tmp -> lchild = container[0];
+    tmp -> rchild = container[1];
+    return tmp;
+}
+
+void freeEmpty(void){
+    for (int i = 0; i < ARRAY_SIZE; i++) {
+        if (!container[i]) {
+            continue;
+        }
+        if (!container[i] -> weight) {
+            freeNode(i);
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+p_node create(void){
+    if (!container[1]) {
+        return container[0];
+    }
+    container[0] = build();
+    container[1] = NULL;
+    sort();
+    return create();
+}
+
+void outputTree(p_node root, int layer){
+    if (root -> lchild && root -> rchild) {
+        code[layer] = '0';
+        outputTree(root -> lchild, layer + 1);
+        code[layer] = '1';
+        outputTree(root -> rchild, layer + 1);
+        code[layer] = '\0';
+    }
+    else{
+        code[layer] = '\0';
+        printf("%c -> %s\n", root -> ch, code);
+    }
+}
+
+void output(void){
+    int weight = 0, count = 0, tmp = 0;
+    for (int i = 0; i < getCount(); i++) {
+        weight = container[i] -> weight;
+        if (tmp != weight) {
+            count++;
+        }
+        for (int j = 0; j < count; j++) {
+            putchar(container[i] -> ch);
+        }
+        tmp = weight;
+    }
+    putchar('\n');
+}
+
+p_sheet initSheet(void){
+    p_sheet head = (p_sheet)malloc(sizeof(sheet));
+    head -> next = NULL;
+    if (!head) {
+        error(CANNOT_ALLOCATE_MEMORY);
+    }
+    for (int i = 0; i < getCount(); i++) {
+        p_sheet tmp = (p_sheet)malloc(sizeof(sheet));
+        if (!tmp) {
+            error(CANNOT_ALLOCATE_MEMORY);
+        }
+        head -> ch = container[i] -> ch;
+        head -> code[0] = '\0';
+        if (!container[i+1]) {
+            free(tmp);
+            continue;
+        }
+        tmp -> next = head;
+        head = tmp;
+    }
+    return head;
+}